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- WORLD, Page 62TERRORISMSolving the Lockerbie Case
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- Two Libyans are indicted for the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight
- 103 -- but how can Gaddafi's regime be punished?
-
- By GEORGE J. CHURCH -- Reported by Helen Gibson/London, Farah
- Nayeri/Paris and Elaine Shannon/Washington
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- A charred piece of shirt, a shred of green plastic the
- size of a fingernail, the letters MEBO and a cryptic diary
- entry. Those were the clues that finally unlocked a
- three-year-old mystery: Who planted the bomb that blew up Pan
- Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, just before Christmas
- in 1988, killing all 259 people aboard and 11 more on the
- ground? The answer writ small, according to indictments issued
- last week in Washington and Scotland, is two Libyan intelligence
- officials: Abdel Basset Ali al-Megrahi and Lamen Khalifa Fhimah.
- They allegedly fabricated the bomb in Malta, packed it in a
- suitcase, and sent it on a circuitous route to the final blast.
-
- The chance that either one can be spirited out of Libya
- and brought to trial in the U.S. seems remote. In any case, the
- real responsibility lies higher up: government officials on both
- sides of the Atlantic think the trail of blame leads straight
- into the office of Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi. But how can
- he and his regime be punished?
-
- President Bush promised to consult with other world
- leaders to map out a way. French President Francois Mitterrand
- hinted that this time Paris might join -- even though France
- only last month proposed that the European Community lift
- existing economic sanctions against Libya. An embarrassingly few
- days later, a French examining magistrate accused four other
- Libyans, including Gaddafi's brother-in-law Abdallah Senoussi,
- of bombing a French DC-10 jet that exploded over Africa nine
- months after the Lockerbie tragedy (death toll: 171). French
- intelligence suspects that both bombings were planned at the
- same meeting in Tripoli.
-
- Reprisals could include a break in airline links between
- Libya and the outside world or an embargo on purchases of Libyan
- oil. White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater even hinted at
- military action. But that might give only another spin to a
- long-running cycle of violence. To avenge the bombing, allegedly
- by Libya, of a German disco that killed two American soldiers,
- U.S. warplanes struck Tripoli and Benghazi in 1986. Speculation
- is that Gaddafi ordered the Lockerbie bombing in retaliation.
-
- Suspicion in the Pan Am bombing initially fell on the
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command,
- supposedly prompted by Syria, Iran or both. Victims' relatives
- in both the U.S. and Britain last week voiced suspicion that
- Damascus was in fact involved but that its complicity has been
- overlooked as a reward for Syrian participation in the gulf war
- against Iraq and in the Arab-Israeli peace conference that
- started last month in Madrid. U.S. officials make a persuasive
- case, however, that Libya is solely responsible.
-
- The first step in the investigation that cracked the case
- was to reconstruct the plane and its parts from hundreds of
- thousands of fragments scattered across 845 sq. mi. of Scottish
- meadows, woods, bogs and lakes. Forensic experts eventually
- determined after examining fragments, including a tiny piece of
- tan plastic traceable to a particular model of Toshiba radio,
- that the bomb consisted of 10 oz. to 14 oz. of plastic explosive
- concealed inside the radio, which was in turn wrapped in
- clothing and packed inside a piece of brown Samsonite luggage.
-
- In late 1989, a Scottish investigator going through a bag
- of burned clothing found a fingernail-size shred of green
- plastic embedded in a piece of shirt. The fragment was shipped
- to Washington, where Tom Thurman, an FBI bomb expert, obtained
- from the CIA a bomb that had been captured unexploded from
- Libyan-supported terrorists in the African nation of Togo. The
- bit of plastic from Lockerbie perfectly matched part of the
- timing device from the Togo explosive. The letters MEBO had been
- imprinted and scratched out on the Togo bomb but were still
- decipherable. So the timer evidently had been made by Meister
- et Bollier, a Zurich firm also known as MEBO AG. Company
- executives disclosed that the timing device was one of 20
- delivered to a Libyan official in 1985 and 1986.
-
- Meanwhile the charred bit of shirt was traced to a small
- store called Mary's House in Malta; employees who were
- questioned indicated it had been bought by Abdel Basset.
- Scouring Malta, investigators also found a diary kept by Fhimah,
- who had been a station manager there for Libyan Arab Airlines,
- with a revelatory entry: "Abdel Basset is coming from Zurich. . .
- Take taggs [sic] from Air Malta." The apparent meaning: Fhimah
- used his access to airport facilities to steal Air Malta baggage
- tags. The end of the story, as spelled out in the indictments:
- sometime between 8:15 a.m. and 9:15 a.m. on Dec. 21, 1988, Fhimah
- and Bassett tagged the bag containing the bomb and placed it on
- Air Malta Flight KM-190 to Frankfurt. There it was transferred
- to a Pan Am flight to London, where it was reloaded onto Flight
- 103 for New York -- passing over Lockerbie.
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